Stage lighting lighting modeling foundation

The first section, constitute a point of stage lighting, performance space construction of architecture, sculpture, painting is the time and space remain relatively timeless art in the plane or in three-dimensional. Performing arts as an integrated time and space art needs to maintain a relationship of Theatrical space - theater or venue. Stage artists in the show beyond time and space together constitute the visual and auditory creative space has a sound, light, color, shape and other multi-dimensional factors, and over time, as well as the plot, the scene of the conversion and continued development. Whether turning dance or opera performances drama plot, at the same time, the light show in the audience with a visual or unconsciously way light and shade effect changes, physical changes in lighting equipment or space itself has the function of each cause kinds of visual performance results. To shape the image rendering color, rhythm changes, etc. parameters pregnant performances and formed with a visual vocabulary of special theatrical space atmosphere, which affects mood changes of the audience, composed scenes, actors, audience interaction and theatrical content match specific space .

1, performance space

1) discovery stage show based on the characteristics of the scene and the studio theater performances, such as the environment can take advantage of the objective conditions of lighting design.

Status 2) theater, studio and other performance space * space environment: investigation theater, performance measurement plan drawing or obtain space environment, cross-sectional view data theater proscenium height, width, depth and scale data stage units. * Device status: the number of boom length, arrangement pitch, sequentially numbered, flat location. * Electricity load: Mains rated load capacity, the branch circuit rated load capacity, etc.

2, read the script and screenplay idea in lighting equipment is carried out, based on creative vision, which can dig and creation related to the performance space to be refined processing.

1) to identify the characteristics of a representative character, plot change, conflict, imagine the desired environment.

2) a description of the era, time, season, scene environment, the light source direction and other aspects of color vision and positioning.

3) to determine the performance and performance methods and means of expression compatible. To think what can be created with the lighting plot coincide stage visual effects.

4) script prompts scene, stage equipment.

3, time and space conversion performance

1) weather: sunrise and sunset, dusk to night, night to dawn, seasonal variation, moonlit sky, place and geographical changes.

2) geographical space, mental space, scene space, virtual space, local and global space conversion.

4, from flat to three-dimensional shape space conceived for each body surface processing and the production of visual effects and the prospect of a combination of space, medium shot space background space plane composition performance applications. Upper, middle and lower part of the space inside the organization and the methods to achieve the forecast. For example: to set the position of the backlight: horizontal, vertical angle, height position, and so the number of lamps.

5, the part and the whole picture composition control light and color and lighting areas. In the size, shape, composition stage to show the number of visual images.

6, select the forms to determine the appropriate performance according to the tabular overall creative style. Now over to the future even I want to remember a dream vision hallucinations and other sensory impressions abstraction and realism.

7, showing infinite space in a limited space there is a huge change in the spatial effects vary performances. The performance of real space and virtual space: a particular stage space with a particular form of expression makes it sound stage: Dialogue: monologue like. The actual space environment to transform and expand, shrink or exaggerated or portrayed. Mental space to play personas description and performance.

8, the lighting changes the way

1) to change the plot is spatially varied opportunities.

2) to determine the lines of light change opportunity.

3) to determine the operation of the lights change opportunity.

4) the music or sound effects to determine changes in lighting opportunity.

5) to determine the time the lights change opportunity.

9, spatial processing different genres of classical, romantic, natural, realistic, symbol, three-dimensional, futuristic, composition, performance, surreal music, sound effects related to the space-time conversion: melody, melody, rhythm.

     Second, the performance space means

1, the performance characteristics of the device lighting equipment research * floodlight: world row of lights, foot lights, floodlights and other top row. * Spotlight: polyethylene lens light, soft spotlight. * No lens spotlight: back light, PAR lamps and bulbs closed. Comprising: a parallel set of light type, soft type, astigmatism type. * Spotlight: light and shape forming inserts, rice badger beer slide effect lamps:? Water ripples slide, running cloud slide, PANI lanterns and other lighting effects and so on. * Fixtures: Light rotary-type body, the mirror form of exercise, set the color change, the image shape, motion change as one of the lighting. * Special projectors lamps: the effect of equipment, changing color, smoke, digital computer projectors and other equipment. * Operational Control System: SCR dimmers and dimming function of each console. * Light colored filters: all kinds of color, color temperature, dimmer, reflectors, soft tablets. * Demo Laser: A colored low-power laser generating means to complete the picture scanning under computer control. * Secondary effects equipment: smoke generator and exhaust air supply means. Snow generating means generating means soap bubbles, smoke carbon dioxide, nitrogen, fried tobacco, paper fireworks, dry ice.

2. Study lighting and the illuminated object material characteristics of the material manifestation of the use of material - diffuse reflection translucent semipermeable impermeable hard and soft soft absorbent reflection law. Material - textile materials - cotton velvet satin linen gauze. Metallic materials - gold silver copper iron aluminum stainless steel. Natural materials - wood earth stone plant brick synthetic material - nylon plastic foam PVC sheets. Smoke Material - glycol oil retention Smoke Smoke Smoke Lower fried ice smoke effect the performance of liquid nitrogen - a positive vote, the anti-vote, 2D, 3D, relief, texture, point, line, surface, level, through the air, halo silhouette, semi-silhouette and the like. Performance characteristics - net, rope, strip screen, pillar, veil, strip screen, frames, boxes and so on.

3, the basic concepts of lighting research and modeling: A feel and performance based lighting - lighting static character study lighting four elements

1) main light: the main themes and viewpoints need to determine the direction of the light, the main light is stronger than other light, using spotlights and other hard lighting.

2) auxiliary light: Is the complement and supplement the main light from the modification. In the soft light illuminating simulate the reflected light of the natural environment.

3) Backlight: On the basis of the main light with light. It can be stronger than the main light, but also below the main light intensity of the auxiliary light, decorative molding effect.

4) than light: type body on the parties by light and shade ratio. Can be used for light ratio is adjusted according to the needs of creation, so as to obtain the desired results. Study lighting angle: 90/120/180/270 degree.

B experiments cast light projection position by the effect of light visual impression of theater lighting equipment

1) positive before the top - a sense of stability and natural light plane

2) above the front ramp - perspective angry slap in the face

3) is the former level - dull expression fade-fire chasing light

4) positive before the bottom - abnormal anxiety foot light and low angle light projector

5) the positive direction - image distortion expressionless top row and the top of the light cast light

6) above the positive side - a strong contrast of yin and yang side of the face and the top side of the flyover cast light

7) the level of the positive side - strong sense of cold flow side lights and side light level

8) After the above positive - clean-cut sense of decoration and roof top row backlight backlighting

4, to observe life experience to observe a change in the natural environment - the sun, moon, sunny, cloudy, rain, snow, environmental impact b observe life - light situations and characters - Sun: cis-light, backlight, side light, etc. hemi effect of the performance c, - defining the subject matter of the distribution of light exercise: people picture lighting practice. Related factors - the strength of light and dark color tones of light and shade light quality media movement vocabulary of visual effects - spatial temporal changes in regional rhythm conversion processing environment manifestation stage lighting design portfolio - a small theater Coliseum thrust stage surrounded on three sides stage theater stage lighting cast light experiment

5, experimental theater lighting: theater including lighting, projection position, lighting effects, the visual impression TEST-1 floodlight discharge lamp: the overall uniform illumination stage, screen painting landscape lighting, dispersion effect and shapely. TEST-2 foot light to row: ground reflection simulate natural light, close describing actor, but Sky Movies more chaos. TEST-3 flood discharge lamp with foot light to row: play area, sky obtain uniform illumination, clear description of light to write, less than three-dimensional. TEST-4 day flight Light: uniform color rendering and relevant departments of the sky changes. TEST-5 bar lights: The light color changes of the lower portion of the sky: sunset silhouette effect when describing the like. TEST-6 World ranked light: When the upper and lower portions of the same shade, available uniform background illumination. It can be expressed toward the screen, such as day and night scene. TEST-7 flood discharge lamps, light foot, world ranked light: the elimination of the hybrid film, a high-profile fade effects, primary and secondary characters relationship is not clear. TEST-8 Pan row of lights: from projected above the stage, was voted outstanding image performance, shade effect is more beautiful. TEST-9 flood discharge lamps, light foot, world ranked, the top row of lights: more focused vision of the audience, characters insufficient light. TEST-10 stage lights flow: enhance the three-dimensional character of the scene, but often appear mesa shadow. TEST-11 plane illumination: from the top of the audience of about 450 angle toward the stage to simulate the effect of natural light. TEST-12 slap lighting: from the front on both sides of the stage cast, enhanced three-dimensional effect of the actor. TEST-13 foot flood discharge lamp light + + + face world ranked light + ears: in obtaining sufficient brightness to pay attention to tonal relationships. TEST-14 flood discharge lamps, light foot, world ranked, top row, flow, surface light, ears: usually more illumination. Comprehensive comparison of the light-emitting orientation, according to the actual needs of the show, by dimming the means to obtain the desired effect of three-dimensional space. TEST-15 chasing light: usually set at the rear of the auditorium or desired position of local space lighting, such as figures and a half, the whole body. TEST-16 to row, top row, surface light, flowing, chasing light and other: the performance of three-dimensional processing obtained by dimming creative ambience. TEST-17 world ranked blue, the top row of white and light blue, flowing white: Heaven and Earth blue light caused the overall tone row, the top row of blue carpeted stage, three of which were emphasized spotlight three local design, with a light flow He emphasizes spherical background. TEST-18 bar lights green, blue, white, and blue top row of lights, light purple light flow: up on the blue sky is formed by the transition to dark blue, light blue top row covered table, the top row of a single lamp white after calendering toward people, on both sides of the flow of light purple supplement the central stage, the formation of cool colors and soft contrasting colors atmosphere. TEST-19 condensing light purple light blue two feet, the top row of white light blue, dark blue flow lamp: light converging feet intends to cast light and shadow figures reflected in the sky background, the top row of blue lights covered the stage, the top light single light emphasizes the central image, coupled with liquidity light blue light, showing the impact of the effect fantastic atmosphere. TEST-20 bar lights red, the top row of a single lamp white, orange and yellow lights on both sides of the flow, light orange surface light, focus on strengthening the flow of light yellow: Ground row light caused by excessive red background, white top row for emphasis, surface light cast a soft orange light on the stage, to enhance liquidity lights make more three-dimensional sense of space projections. (TEST 1-20 annotation text by Matsushita Electric "STAGE & ENTERAINMENT LIGHTING".

6 provisional stage, stadium, museum, cultural landscape lighting a, light features: - Visible natural light artificial light b, the five elements: -

1) main light

2) auxiliary light

3) outline light

4) Background light (ambient atmosphere)

5) a modified light (contrast ratio) c, visual experience: - eye visual visual effect; the effect of photographic film; TV screen effect d, Show lighting styling elements 1) * Daylight light: change color temperature and time and the shape of the law - from sunrise to sunset dawn dusk process. * :( Light bulb-shaped, tube-shaped) tungsten incandescent, halogen lamp, dysprosium lamps, flash lamps, xenon lamps, fluorescent lamps, halogen lamps, metal halide lamps, laser (sodium, mercury) and the like. In the show lighting design it is important to select the kind of lighting performance stage space effects, lighting source, power, lamp types, lenses and different models will have different effects for the show to choose from. 2) the effect of light and shade strong * visual perception - the use of physiological characteristics of the eye for design, his eyes dark vision into the state from photopic need time is about 15 to 30 minutes into the photopic state from the time required for dark vision is relatively short . Therefore, performance lighting scenes can be designed according to the contents of the script the plot, intended to distinguish between light and dark intensity of each scene. Understand the actual brightness and contrast brightness objective existence, it is an important factor to grasp the stage space picture lamps of different types and different power luminous intensity. Effects caused by the different, different in different types of lamps and power luminous intensity according to the distance scale performance space. Effects caused by the different.

3) * light quality characteristics of various cast light lamps; uniformity, beam angle, soft hardness, optical properties. Soft paper, dimming yarn, reflective plate application results.

4) * light than the same visual space screen chiaroscuro. * Visual experience of light and shade effects - the use of physiological characteristics of the eye to design, from the eyes into the dark visual photopic state requires approximately 15 to 30 minutes, while the time required to enter the photopic state is relatively short from the dark vision. Therefore, performance lighting scenes can be designed according to the contents of the script the plot, intended to distinguish between light and dark intensity of each scene. * Holistic; stressed parts. The brighter overall stage actor darker contrast of light and shade and color the size may produce different visual change in the same screen space. * Character modeling master light and auxiliary light and shade and color contrast: to show visual appreciation needs to be set. 2: 1,5: 1,10: 1,30: 1,50: 1,100: 1 range. * Compare the main characters of light and non-light main characters: the same environment and you want to show the difference between primary and secondary relationship based on intent space level, 2: ranging from 1: 1,3: 1,5. * Comparative figures light and ambient light: 2: 1, 5: 1, 10: 1 range. * Foreground, middle ground, background light ratio: 2: 1 to 10: 1 range. * The brightness and color contrast scenes and performances scene images of space: use the time plot development changes; seasonal variation; scene change: changes in brightness; contrast color change.

5) Zone * light projected onto the regional distribution of the stage or performance space as well as the difference between the inner and outer zones. * In front of the stage after the performance area, the left-right divide is based on the design of the illumination area. * Partial or overall performance needed for development plot area to be illuminated. * Performance area lighting and scenic lighting.

6) a bit of light light projection direction: refers to the specific location of the lamp in which the three-dimensional space. These include, surface light, ears, mouth column table light, light foot, light station roof of the mouth, the top row of the condenser, the top row floodlight, day light row, row to light, the light side of the bridge, the flow of light, side light, (hanging cage bench) chasing light and the like. * Plot development in the desired direction performance: backlight light, sunrise and sunset, dawn dawn like. * Required performances zones particular lamp-bit designs. For example: One lighting; more lighting. Light projection direction: light side effect: 1/2 (shading effect) light from the side of the bridge, the flow of light, side, top side light; semi-light side effect: 3/4 slap in the face, proscenium pillar of light, top light in the corresponding direction; the positive effect of light: the light side, the top row of the light, the spotlight.

7) * color light color temperature and color rendering index: Color temperature adjustment. * Additive method, subtractive method, a light color and identify the sum of the law, the law of absorption and reflection of light color. * Filter and type: Shanghai Wei-kang, Changshu flowers, Japan LEE ROSCO color temperature and color filter sheet. * Chromaticity diagram study: the actual colors and contrast colors. * Mental Emotional color of people affected. * Color Contrast: Contrast colors between color contrast, color temperature, contrast, chiaroscuro.

8) * Projection modeling light: light projector, the flare effect, shut transparent light and shadow, positive negative projection. * Imaging slide projectors: slide, modeling lights, computer lights, chasing, digital projectors equipment, film projectors and other machines. * Movies modeling surface rough or smooth. * People silhouette, off silhouette and role of the media. * Transflective cast, low-angle normal permeable and anti-investment, backlight, backlight side effects. Side light and shadow effects. * Media: smoke, mist.

Sport 9) * light conversion and continuation of the process of space-time stage performances luminous color and lighting changes. * Performance space used in lighting and dynamic lighting effects. * Cue-Q change in programmed time, rhythm and quantity. Modeling light function of e

(1) Lighting: - matt no body to control the light and dark as a means of rendering form.

(2) shaping the image of: - depicting the characters of character, show the effects of different space scene.

(3) Light ratio adjustment - the pursuit of a good visual effect; the actual effect of contrast; visual contrast.

(4) space-time atmosphere: - the performance of a given situation normalized needed time and space atmosphere.

(5) relating to the performance of: - the color associated with lighting and other visual vocabulary.

(6) Communication in Performance Relationship: - facilitate emotional communication between the actors and the audience.

(7) illumination (direct light): - facilitate emotional communication between the actors and the audience. * Illumination: surface per unit area of the obtained flux. Is uniformly illuminated object, when on 1 square meter area of the resulting flux is 1 lux, the illumination surface is 1 lux; therefore 1 candela point light source as the center and the radius of 1 meter in the sphere illumination produced is called 1 lux. Lux letter or express Lu. * Irradiation intensity is determined by the distance power and design as well as the projection surface between the light source. Light source intensity, the higher the illuminance; the closer, the higher the illuminance. * Illuminance is irradiated surface level but also with the value of the projected light angle about, the more likely that the vertical distribution of light, the higher the illuminance. * Illuminance inverse square law: the same light, vertical illuminance irradiated surface and it is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the light source. For example: If the floodlight to move backwards 2 times the original distance illumination area increased 4 times, only a quarter of the original illumination value; If you move back 3 times, the illuminance value diminished 9 times. Conversely if you move forward from the original luminance value of 1 and a half four-fold increase. Usually focus on measuring performance in vertical illumination source applications. * Degree of vertical illuminance: Stage illumination level determines the level of brightness stage mesa; determine the level of vertical illuminance.

(8) Brightness: The brightness of the surface luminous intensity values. Whether the surface is its own light or reflected light, or transmitted light, as long as it is from the surface of the "issue" Light of view, we can call it a light emitting surface. In the luminous intensity per unit area of both brightness of the object surface. In the same light-emitting surface, different brightness values orientation. Brightness measurements are generally in a direction perpendicular to the line of sight will be the light emitting surface in luminous intensity per unit area is called brightness. The light intensity constant, the smaller the projected area of the light-emitting surface, the brightness, the greater the projected area of the light-emitting surface, the lower the brightness. A unit of luminance is nit (nt). 1 nit = 1 cd / 1 square meter. Secondly, the reflectance of the object, the higher the brightness. Under the same light, white and black object reflectivity is different according to different light reflection and absorption capability, different surface brightness. In addition, there are still actual brightness brightness brightness concept and visual concepts. Visual brightness referring to the brightness of the visual senses, in low light conditions and strive to make the audience feel comfortable watching the performance of visual brightness, namely the use of people's visual physiological characteristics, resulting in luminance higher than the actual physical effect. Horizontal and vertical illuminance illuminance: Stage illumination level determines the level of brightness stage mesa; vertical illuminance determines the level of brightness of the audience to see the characters and visual effects scenes. Performance applications typically focus on measuring the brightness of the object according to the reflected light.

(9) Color: Color temperature is a "full radiator" to represent the spectral content of the actual light source, which is based on absolute zero "Kyle text." Scale (-273 ℃) as a benchmark to K (or K ) symbol. With increasing temperature, the blackbody radiation color change, starting with the dark red into the yellow, blue and finally converted into white. "Full radiator" at different temperatures radiated spectral components, will produce a series of radiant light and color changes. As the temperature change "full radiator" emitted by the wavelength spectrum of the light and consistent hue, at this time is "full radiator" color temperature. Color is the color temperature of the light source based on objective figures to represent the concept of physics, it does not refer to the color temperature of light. The lower the color temperature of the light source, a warmer light color more visual effects. The higher the color temperature of the light source, the light color bias cool visual effects. For example: tungsten as the voltage and increases the filament temperature increase as the filament light source whose color temperature is from red to white. Voltage drop 1V color temperature is decreased by approximately 8K.

(10) CRI: refers to the level of color rendering light source illuminating the subject visual quality evaluation. This evaluation is based on the reference value of light seen color index-based, full-color spectrum of the object under illumination, as reflected in the truest color. Sunlight is the best play isometric color full-color light, stage lighting and video in addition to high luminous efficiency requirements, and requires a good light source color rendering properties, less color distortion is irradiated object. For example: 1kw ~ 2kw halogen lamp stage lighting color rendering index can reach 100 assessment, and mercury lamp color rendering index of only 50 evaluation. * Direct light: or so-called direct illumination light. * Reflected light: brightness of the light through the reflective surface obtained. * Diffuse light: or so-called indirect illumination. * Transmitted light: the brightness of the light by different light-transmitting material obtained.